Quickstart Guide
First, create a cvc5 TermManager instance:
rmManager tm = new TermManager();
Then, create a cvc5 Solver instance:
lver solver = new Solver(tm);
To produce models and unsat cores, we have to enable the following options.
solver.setOption("produce-models", "true");
solver.setOption("produce-unsat-cores", "true");
Next we set the logic.
The simplest way to set a logic for the solver is to choose
"ALL"
.
This enables all logics in the solver.
Alternatively,
"QF_ALL"
enables all logics without quantifiers.
To optimize the solver’s behavior for a more specific logic,
use the logic name, e.g.
"QF_BV"
or
"QF_AUFBV"
.
solver.setLogic("ALL");
In the following, we will define real and integer constraints. For this, we first query the solver for the corresponding sorts.
Sort realSort = tm.getRealSort();
Sort intSort = tm.getIntegerSort();
Now, we create two constants
x
and
y
of sort
Real
,
and two constants
a
and
b
of sort
Integer
.
Notice that these are
symbolic
constants, not actual values.
Term x = tm.mkConst(realSort, "x");
Term y = tm.mkConst(realSort, "y");
Term a = tm.mkConst(intSort, "a");
Term b = tm.mkConst(intSort, "b");
We define the following constraints regarding
x
and
y
:
\[(0 < x) \wedge (0 < y) \wedge (x + y < 1) \wedge (x \leq y)\]
We construct the required terms and assert them as follows:
// Formally, constraints are also terms. Their sort is Boolean.
// We will construct these constraints gradually,
// by defining each of their components.
// We start with the constant numerals 0 and 1:
Term zero = tm.mkReal(0);
Term one = tm.mkReal(1);
// Next, we construct the term x + y
Term xPlusY = tm.mkTerm(Kind.ADD, x, y);
// Now we can define the constraints.
// They use the operators +, <=, and <.
// In the API, these are denoted by ADD, LEQ, and LT.
// A list of available operators is available in:
// src/api/cpp/cvc5_kind.h
Term constraint1 = tm.mkTerm(Kind.LT, zero, x);
Term constraint2 = tm.mkTerm(Kind.LT, zero, y);
Term constraint3 = tm.mkTerm(Kind.LT, xPlusY, one);
Term constraint4 = tm.mkTerm(Kind.LEQ, x, y);
// Now we assert the constraints to the solver.
solver.assertFormula(constraint1);
solver.assertFormula(constraint2);
solver.assertFormula(constraint3);
solver.assertFormula(constraint4);
Now we check if the asserted formula is satisfiable, that is, we check if
there exist values of sort
Real
for
x
and
y
that satisfy all
the constraints.
Result r1 = solver.checkSat();
The result we get from this satisfiability check is either
sat
,
unsat
or
unknown
.
It’s status can be queried via
Result.isSat
,
Result.isUnsat
and
Result.isSatUnknown
.
Alternatively, it can also be printed.
System.out.println("expected: sat");
System.out.println("result: " + r1);
This will print:
expected: sat
result: sat
Now, we query the solver for the values for
x
and
y
that satisfy
the constraints.
Term xVal = solver.getValue(x);
Term yVal = solver.getValue(y);
It is also possible to get values for terms that do not appear in the original formula.
Term xMinusY = tm.mkTerm(Kind.SUB, x, y);
Term xMinusYVal = solver.getValue(xMinusY);
We can convert these values to Java types.
Pair<BigInteger, BigInteger> xPair = xVal.getRealValue();
Pair<BigInteger, BigInteger> yPair = yVal.getRealValue();
Pair<BigInteger, BigInteger> xMinusYPair = xMinusYVal.getRealValue();
System.out.println("value for x: " + xPair.first + "/" + xPair.second);
System.out.println("value for y: " + yPair.first + "/" + yPair.second);
System.out.println("value for x - y: " + xMinusYPair.first + "/" + xMinusYPair.second);
Another way to independently compute the value of
x
-
y
would be to
perform the (rational) arithmetic manually.
However, for more complex terms, it is easier to let the solver do the
evaluation.
Pair<BigInteger, BigInteger> xMinusYComputed =
new Pair<>(xPair.first.multiply(yPair.second).subtract(xPair.second.multiply(yPair.first)),
xPair.second.multiply(yPair.second));
BigInteger g = xMinusYComputed.first.gcd(xMinusYComputed.second);
xMinusYComputed = new Pair<>(xMinusYComputed.first.divide(g), xMinusYComputed.second.divide(g));
if (xMinusYComputed.equals(xMinusYPair))
{
System.out.println("computed correctly");
}
else
{
System.out.println("computed incorrectly");
}
This will print:
computed correctly
Next, we will check satisfiability of the same formula,
only this time over integer variables
a
and
b
.
For this, we first reset the assertions added to the solver.
solver.resetAssertions();
Next, we assert the same assertions as above, but with integers. This time, we inline the construction of terms in the assertion command.
solver.assertFormula(tm.mkTerm(Kind.LT, tm.mkInteger(0), a));
solver.assertFormula(tm.mkTerm(Kind.LT, tm.mkInteger(0), b));
solver.assertFormula(
tm.mkTerm(Kind.LT, tm.mkTerm(Kind.ADD, a, b), tm.mkInteger(1)));
solver.assertFormula(tm.mkTerm(Kind.LEQ, a, b));
Now, we check whether the revised assertion is satisfiable.
Result r2 = solver.checkSat();
// This time the formula is unsatisfiable
System.out.println("expected: unsat");
System.out.println("result: " + r2);
This time the asserted formula is unsatisfiable:
expected: unsat
result: unsat
We can query the solver for an unsatisfiable core, that is, a subset of the assertions that is already unsatisfiable.
List<Term> unsatCore = Arrays.asList(solver.getUnsatCore());
System.out.println("unsat core size: " + unsatCore.size());
System.out.println("unsat core: ");
for (Term t : unsatCore)
{
System.out.println(t);
}
This will print:
unsat core size: 3
unsat core:
(< 0 a)
(< 0 b)
(< (+ a b) 1)
Example
examples/api/java/QuickStart.java
1/******************************************************************************
2 * Top contributors (to current version):
3 * Mudathir Mohamed, Aina Niemetz, Daniel Larraz
4 *
5 * This file is part of the cvc5 project.
6 *
7 * Copyright (c) 2009-2025 by the authors listed in the file AUTHORS
8 * in the top-level source directory and their institutional affiliations.
9 * All rights reserved. See the file COPYING in the top-level source
10 * directory for licensing information.
11 * ****************************************************************************
12 *
13 * A simple demonstration of the api capabilities of cvc5.
14 *
15 */
16
17import io.github.cvc5.*;
18import java.math.BigInteger;
19import java.util.ArrayList;
20import java.util.Arrays;
21import java.util.List;
22
23public class QuickStart
24{
25 public static void main(String args[]) throws CVC5ApiException
26 {
27 // Create a term manager
28 //! [docs-java-quickstart-0 start]
29 TermManager tm = new TermManager();
30 //! [docs-java-quickstart-0 end]
31 // Create a solver
32 //! [docs-java-quickstart-1 start]
33 Solver solver = new Solver(tm);
34 //! [docs-java-quickstart-1 end]
35 {
36 // We will ask the solver to produce models and unsat cores,
37 // hence these options should be turned on.
38 //! [docs-java-quickstart-2 start]
39 solver.setOption("produce-models", "true");
40 solver.setOption("produce-unsat-cores", "true");
41 //! [docs-java-quickstart-2 end]
42
43 // The simplest way to set a logic for the solver is to choose "ALL".
44 // This enables all logics in the solver.
45 // Alternatively, "QF_ALL" enables all logics without quantifiers.
46 // To optimize the solver's behavior for a more specific logic,
47 // use the logic name, e.g. "QF_BV" or "QF_AUFBV".
48
49 // Set the logic
50 //! [docs-java-quickstart-3 start]
51 solver.setLogic("ALL");
52 //! [docs-java-quickstart-3 end]
53
54 // In this example, we will define constraints over reals and integers.
55 // Hence, we first obtain the corresponding sorts.
56 //! [docs-java-quickstart-4 start]
57 Sort realSort = tm.getRealSort();
58 Sort intSort = tm.getIntegerSort();
59 //! [docs-java-quickstart-4 end]
60
61 // x and y will be real variables, while a and b will be integer variables.
62 // Formally, their cpp type is Term,
63 // and they are called "constants" in SMT jargon:
64 //! [docs-java-quickstart-5 start]
65 Term x = tm.mkConst(realSort, "x");
66 Term y = tm.mkConst(realSort, "y");
67 Term a = tm.mkConst(intSort, "a");
68 Term b = tm.mkConst(intSort, "b");
69 //! [docs-java-quickstart-5 end]
70
71 // Our constraints regarding x and y will be:
72 //
73 // (1) 0 < x
74 // (2) 0 < y
75 // (3) x + y < 1
76 // (4) x <= y
77 //
78
79 //! [docs-java-quickstart-6 start]
80 // Formally, constraints are also terms. Their sort is Boolean.
81 // We will construct these constraints gradually,
82 // by defining each of their components.
83 // We start with the constant numerals 0 and 1:
84 Term zero = tm.mkReal(0);
85 Term one = tm.mkReal(1);
86
87 // Next, we construct the term x + y
88 Term xPlusY = tm.mkTerm(Kind.ADD, x, y);
89
90 // Now we can define the constraints.
91 // They use the operators +, <=, and <.
92 // In the API, these are denoted by ADD, LEQ, and LT.
93 // A list of available operators is available in:
94 // src/api/cpp/cvc5_kind.h
95 Term constraint1 = tm.mkTerm(Kind.LT, zero, x);
96 Term constraint2 = tm.mkTerm(Kind.LT, zero, y);
97 Term constraint3 = tm.mkTerm(Kind.LT, xPlusY, one);
98 Term constraint4 = tm.mkTerm(Kind.LEQ, x, y);
99
100 // Now we assert the constraints to the solver.
101 solver.assertFormula(constraint1);
102 solver.assertFormula(constraint2);
103 solver.assertFormula(constraint3);
104 solver.assertFormula(constraint4);
105 //! [docs-java-quickstart-6 end]
106
107 // Check if the formula is satisfiable, that is,
108 // are there real values for x and y that satisfy all the constraints?
109 //! [docs-java-quickstart-7 start]
110 Result r1 = solver.checkSat();
111 //! [docs-java-quickstart-7 end]
112
113 // The result is either SAT, UNSAT, or UNKNOWN.
114 // In this case, it is SAT.
115 //! [docs-java-quickstart-8 start]
116 System.out.println("expected: sat");
117 System.out.println("result: " + r1);
118 //! [docs-java-quickstart-8 end]
119
120 // We can get the values for x and y that satisfy the constraints.
121 //! [docs-java-quickstart-9 start]
122 Term xVal = solver.getValue(x);
123 Term yVal = solver.getValue(y);
124 //! [docs-java-quickstart-9 end]
125
126 // It is also possible to get values for compound terms,
127 // even if those did not appear in the original formula.
128 //! [docs-java-quickstart-10 start]
129 Term xMinusY = tm.mkTerm(Kind.SUB, x, y);
130 Term xMinusYVal = solver.getValue(xMinusY);
131 //! [docs-java-quickstart-10 end]
132
133 // Further, we can convert the values to java types
134 //! [docs-java-quickstart-11 start]
135 Pair<BigInteger, BigInteger> xPair = xVal.getRealValue();
136 Pair<BigInteger, BigInteger> yPair = yVal.getRealValue();
137 Pair<BigInteger, BigInteger> xMinusYPair = xMinusYVal.getRealValue();
138
139 System.out.println("value for x: " + xPair.first + "/" + xPair.second);
140 System.out.println("value for y: " + yPair.first + "/" + yPair.second);
141 System.out.println("value for x - y: " + xMinusYPair.first + "/" + xMinusYPair.second);
142 //! [docs-java-quickstart-11 end]
143
144 // Another way to independently compute the value of x - y would be
145 // to perform the (rational) arithmetic manually.
146 // However, for more complex terms,
147 // it is easier to let the solver do the evaluation.
148 //! [docs-java-quickstart-12 start]
149 Pair<BigInteger, BigInteger> xMinusYComputed =
150 new Pair<>(xPair.first.multiply(yPair.second).subtract(xPair.second.multiply(yPair.first)),
151 xPair.second.multiply(yPair.second));
152 BigInteger g = xMinusYComputed.first.gcd(xMinusYComputed.second);
153 xMinusYComputed = new Pair<>(xMinusYComputed.first.divide(g), xMinusYComputed.second.divide(g));
154 if (xMinusYComputed.equals(xMinusYPair))
155 {
156 System.out.println("computed correctly");
157 }
158 else
159 {
160 System.out.println("computed incorrectly");
161 }
162 //! [docs-java-quickstart-12 end]
163
164 // Next, we will check satisfiability of the same formula,
165 // only this time over integer variables a and b.
166
167 // We start by resetting assertions added to the solver.
168 //! [docs-java-quickstart-13 start]
169 solver.resetAssertions();
170 //! [docs-java-quickstart-13 end]
171
172 // Next, we assert the same assertions above with integers.
173 // This time, we inline the construction of terms
174 // to the assertion command.
175 //! [docs-java-quickstart-14 start]
176 solver.assertFormula(tm.mkTerm(Kind.LT, tm.mkInteger(0), a));
177 solver.assertFormula(tm.mkTerm(Kind.LT, tm.mkInteger(0), b));
178 solver.assertFormula(
179 tm.mkTerm(Kind.LT, tm.mkTerm(Kind.ADD, a, b), tm.mkInteger(1)));
180 solver.assertFormula(tm.mkTerm(Kind.LEQ, a, b));
181 //! [docs-java-quickstart-14 end]
182
183 // We check whether the revised assertion is satisfiable.
184 //! [docs-java-quickstart-15 start]
185 Result r2 = solver.checkSat();
186
187 // This time the formula is unsatisfiable
188 System.out.println("expected: unsat");
189 System.out.println("result: " + r2);
190 //! [docs-java-quickstart-15 end]
191
192 // We can query the solver for an unsatisfiable core, i.e., a subset
193 // of the assertions that is already unsatisfiable.
194 //! [docs-java-quickstart-16 start]
195 List<Term> unsatCore = Arrays.asList(solver.getUnsatCore());
196 System.out.println("unsat core size: " + unsatCore.size());
197 System.out.println("unsat core: ");
198 for (Term t : unsatCore)
199 {
200 System.out.println(t);
201 }
202 //! [docs-java-quickstart-16 end]
203 }
204 Context.deletePointers();
205 }
206}
examples/api/cpp/quickstart.cpp
1/******************************************************************************
2 * Top contributors (to current version):
3 * Yoni Zohar, Aina Niemetz, Gereon Kremer
4 *
5 * This file is part of the cvc5 project.
6 *
7 * Copyright (c) 2009-2025 by the authors listed in the file AUTHORS
8 * in the top-level source directory and their institutional affiliations.
9 * All rights reserved. See the file COPYING in the top-level source
10 * directory for licensing information.
11 * ****************************************************************************
12 *
13 * A simple demonstration of the API capabilities of cvc5.
14 *
15 */
16
17#include <cvc5/cvc5.h>
18
19#include <iostream>
20#include <numeric>
21
22using namespace cvc5;
23
24int main()
25{
26 // Create a term manager
27 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-0 start]
28 TermManager tm;
29 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-0 end]
30 // Create a solver
31 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-1 start]
32 Solver solver(tm);
33 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-1 end]
34
35 // We will ask the solver to produce models and unsat cores,
36 // hence these options should be turned on.
37 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-2 start]
38 solver.setOption("produce-models", "true");
39 solver.setOption("produce-unsat-cores", "true");
40 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-2 end]
41
42 // The simplest way to set a logic for the solver is to choose "ALL".
43 // This enables all logics in the solver.
44 // Alternatively, "QF_ALL" enables all logics without quantifiers.
45 // To optimize the solver's behavior for a more specific logic,
46 // use the logic name, e.g. "QF_BV" or "QF_AUFBV".
47
48 // Set the logic
49 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-3 start]
50 solver.setLogic("ALL");
51 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-3 end]
52
53 // In this example, we will define constraints over reals and integers.
54 // Hence, we first obtain the corresponding sorts.
55 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-4 start]
56 Sort realSort = tm.getRealSort();
57 Sort intSort = tm.getIntegerSort();
58 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-4 end]
59
60 // x and y will be real variables, while a and b will be integer variables.
61 // Formally, their cpp type is Term,
62 // and they are called "constants" in SMT jargon:
63 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-5 start]
64 Term x = tm.mkConst(realSort, "x");
65 Term y = tm.mkConst(realSort, "y");
66 Term a = tm.mkConst(intSort, "a");
67 Term b = tm.mkConst(intSort, "b");
68 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-5 end]
69
70 // Our constraints regarding x and y will be:
71 //
72 // (1) 0 < x
73 // (2) 0 < y
74 // (3) x + y < 1
75 // (4) x <= y
76 //
77
78 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-6 start]
79 // Formally, constraints are also terms. Their sort is Boolean.
80 // We will construct these constraints gradually,
81 // by defining each of their components.
82 // We start with the constant numerals 0 and 1:
83 Term zero = tm.mkReal(0);
84 Term one = tm.mkReal(1);
85
86 // Next, we construct the term x + y
87 Term xPlusY = tm.mkTerm(Kind::ADD, {x, y});
88
89 // Now we can define the constraints.
90 // They use the operators +, <=, and <.
91 // In the API, these are denoted by ADD, LEQ, and LT.
92 // A list of available operators is available in:
93 // src/api/cpp/cvc5_kind.h
94 Term constraint1 = tm.mkTerm(Kind::LT, {zero, x});
95 Term constraint2 = tm.mkTerm(Kind::LT, {zero, y});
96 Term constraint3 = tm.mkTerm(Kind::LT, {xPlusY, one});
97 Term constraint4 = tm.mkTerm(Kind::LEQ, {x, y});
98
99 // Now we assert the constraints to the solver.
100 solver.assertFormula(constraint1);
101 solver.assertFormula(constraint2);
102 solver.assertFormula(constraint3);
103 solver.assertFormula(constraint4);
104 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-6 end]
105
106 // Check if the formula is satisfiable, that is,
107 // are there real values for x and y that satisfy all the constraints?
108 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-7 start]
109 Result r1 = solver.checkSat();
110 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-7 end]
111
112 // The result is either SAT, UNSAT, or UNKNOWN.
113 // In this case, it is SAT.
114 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-8 start]
115 std::cout << "expected: sat" << std::endl;
116 std::cout << "result: " << r1 << std::endl;
117 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-8 end]
118
119 // We can get the values for x and y that satisfy the constraints.
120 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-9 start]
121 Term xVal = solver.getValue(x);
122 Term yVal = solver.getValue(y);
123 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-9 end]
124
125 // It is also possible to get values for compound terms,
126 // even if those did not appear in the original formula.
127 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-10 start]
128 Term xMinusY = tm.mkTerm(Kind::SUB, {x, y});
129 Term xMinusYVal = solver.getValue(xMinusY);
130 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-10 end]
131
132 // We can now obtain the string representations of the values.
133 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-11 start]
134 std::string xStr = xVal.getRealValue();
135 std::string yStr = yVal.getRealValue();
136 std::string xMinusYStr = xMinusYVal.getRealValue();
137
138 std::cout << "value for x: " << xStr << std::endl;
139 std::cout << "value for y: " << yStr << std::endl;
140 std::cout << "value for x - y: " << xMinusYStr << std::endl;
141 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-11 end]
142
143 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-12 start]
144 // Further, we can convert the values to cpp types
145 std::pair<int64_t, uint64_t> xPair = xVal.getReal64Value();
146 std::pair<int64_t, uint64_t> yPair = yVal.getReal64Value();
147 std::pair<int64_t, uint64_t> xMinusYPair = xMinusYVal.getReal64Value();
148
149 std::cout << "value for x: " << xPair.first << "/" << xPair.second
150 << std::endl;
151 std::cout << "value for y: " << yPair.first << "/" << yPair.second
152 << std::endl;
153 std::cout << "value for x - y: " << xMinusYPair.first << "/"
154 << xMinusYPair.second << std::endl;
155 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-12 end]
156
157 // Another way to independently compute the value of x - y would be
158 // to perform the (rational) arithmetic manually.
159 // However, for more complex terms,
160 // it is easier to let the solver do the evaluation.
161 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-13 start]
162 std::pair<int64_t, uint64_t> xMinusYComputed = {
163 xPair.first * yPair.second - xPair.second * yPair.first,
164 xPair.second * yPair.second
165 };
166 uint64_t g = std::gcd(xMinusYComputed.first, xMinusYComputed.second);
167 xMinusYComputed = { xMinusYComputed.first / g, xMinusYComputed.second / g };
168 if (xMinusYComputed == xMinusYPair)
169 {
170 std::cout << "computed correctly" << std::endl;
171 }
172 else
173 {
174 std::cout << "computed incorrectly" << std::endl;
175 }
176 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-13 end]
177
178 // Next, we will check satisfiability of the same formula,
179 // only this time over integer variables a and b.
180
181 // We start by resetting assertions added to the solver.
182 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-14 start]
183 solver.resetAssertions();
184 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-14 end]
185
186 // Next, we assert the same assertions above with integers.
187 // This time, we inline the construction of terms
188 // to the assertion command.
189 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-15 start]
190 solver.assertFormula(tm.mkTerm(Kind::LT, {tm.mkInteger(0), a}));
191 solver.assertFormula(tm.mkTerm(Kind::LT, {tm.mkInteger(0), b}));
192 solver.assertFormula(
193 tm.mkTerm(Kind::LT, {tm.mkTerm(Kind::ADD, {a, b}), tm.mkInteger(1)}));
194 solver.assertFormula(tm.mkTerm(Kind::LEQ, {a, b}));
195 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-15 end]
196
197 // We check whether the revised assertion is satisfiable.
198 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-16 start]
199 Result r2 = solver.checkSat();
200 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-16 end]
201
202 // This time the formula is unsatisfiable
203 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-17 start]
204 std::cout << "expected: unsat" << std::endl;
205 std::cout << "result: " << r2 << std::endl;
206 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-17 end]
207
208 // We can query the solver for an unsatisfiable core, i.e., a subset
209 // of the assertions that is already unsatisfiable.
210 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-18 start]
211 std::vector<Term> unsatCore = solver.getUnsatCore();
212 std::cout << "unsat core size: " << unsatCore.size() << std::endl;
213 std::cout << "unsat core: " << std::endl;
214 for (const Term& t : unsatCore)
215 {
216 std::cout << t << std::endl;
217 }
218 //! [docs-cpp-quickstart-18 end]
219
220 return 0;
221}
cvc5_pythonic_api:/test/pgms/example_quickstart.py
1from cvc5_pythonic_api import *
2
3if __name__ == '__main__':
4
5 # Let's introduce some variables
6 x, y = Reals('x y')
7 a, b = Ints('a b')
8
9 # We will confirm that
10 # * 0 < x
11 # * 0 < y
12 # * x + y < 1
13 # * x <= y
14 # are satisfiable
15 solve(0 < x, 0 < y, x + y < 1, x <= y)
16
17 # If we get the model (the satisfying assignment) explicitly, we can
18 # evaluate terms under it.
19 s = Solver()
20 s.add(0 < x, 0 < y, x + y < 1, x <= y)
21 assert sat == s.check()
22 m = s.model()
23
24 print('x:', m[x])
25 print('y:', m[y])
26 print('x - y:', m[x - y])
27
28 # We can also get these values in other forms:
29 print('string x:', str(m[x]))
30 print('decimal x:', m[x].as_decimal(4))
31 print('fraction x:', m[x].as_fraction())
32 print('float x:', float(m[x].as_fraction()))
33
34 # The above constraints are *UNSAT* for integer variables.
35 # This reports "no solution"
36 solve(0 < a, 0 < b, a + b < 1, a <= b)
37
38
39
examples/api/python/quickstart.py
1#!/usr/bin/env python
2###############################################################################
3# Top contributors (to current version):
4# Yoni Zohar, Aina Niemetz, Daniel Larraz
5#
6# This file is part of the cvc5 project.
7#
8# Copyright (c) 2009-2025 by the authors listed in the file AUTHORS
9# in the top-level source directory and their institutional affiliations.
10# All rights reserved. See the file COPYING in the top-level source
11# directory for licensing information.
12# #############################################################################
13#
14# A simple demonstration of the api capabilities of cvc5, adapted from quickstart.cpp
15##
16
17import cvc5
18from cvc5 import Kind
19
20if __name__ == "__main__":
21 # Create a term manager
22 #! [docs-python-quickstart-0 start]
23 tm = cvc5.TermManager()
24 #! [docs-python-quickstart-0 end]
25 # Create a solver
26 #! [docs-python-quickstart-1 start]
27 solver = cvc5.Solver(tm)
28 #! [docs-python-quickstart-1 end]
29
30 # We will ask the solver to produce models and unsat cores,
31 # hence these options should be turned on.
32 #! [docs-python-quickstart-2 start]
33 solver.setOption("produce-models", "true")
34 solver.setOption("produce-unsat-cores", "true")
35 #! [docs-python-quickstart-2 end]
36
37 # The simplest way to set a logic for the solver is to choose "ALL".
38 # This enables all logics in the solver.
39 # Alternatively, "QF_ALL" enables all logics without quantifiers.
40 # To optimize the solver's behavior for a more specific logic,
41 # use the logic name, e.g. "QF_BV" or "QF_AUFBV".
42
43 # Set the logic
44 #! [docs-python-quickstart-3 start]
45 solver.setLogic("ALL")
46 #! [docs-python-quickstart-3 end]
47
48 # In this example, we will define constraints over reals and integers.
49 # Hence, we first obtain the corresponding sorts.
50 #! [docs-python-quickstart-4 start]
51 realSort = tm.getRealSort()
52 intSort = tm.getIntegerSort()
53 #! [docs-python-quickstart-4 end]
54
55 # x and y will be real variables, while a and b will be integer variables.
56 # Formally, their python type is Term,
57 # and they are called "constants" in SMT jargon:
58 #! [docs-python-quickstart-5 start]
59 x = tm.mkConst(realSort, "x")
60 y = tm.mkConst(realSort, "y")
61 a = tm.mkConst(intSort, "a")
62 b = tm.mkConst(intSort, "b")
63 #! [docs-python-quickstart-5 end]
64
65 # Our constraints regarding x and y will be:
66 #
67 # (1) 0 < x
68 # (2) 0 < y
69 # (3) x + y < 1
70 # (4) x <= y
71 #
72
73 #! [docs-python-quickstart-6 start]
74 # Formally, constraints are also terms. Their sort is Boolean.
75 # We will construct these constraints gradually,
76 # by defining each of their components.
77 # We start with the constant numerals 0 and 1:
78 zero = tm.mkReal(0)
79 one = tm.mkReal(1)
80
81 # Next, we construct the term x + y
82 xPlusY = tm.mkTerm(Kind.ADD, x, y)
83
84 # Now we can define the constraints.
85 # They use the operators +, <=, and <.
86 # In the API, these are denoted by Plus, Leq, and Lt.
87 constraint1 = tm.mkTerm(Kind.LT, zero, x)
88 constraint2 = tm.mkTerm(Kind.LT, zero, y)
89 constraint3 = tm.mkTerm(Kind.LT, xPlusY, one)
90 constraint4 = tm.mkTerm(Kind.LEQ, x, y)
91
92 # Now we assert the constraints to the solver.
93 solver.assertFormula(constraint1)
94 solver.assertFormula(constraint2)
95 solver.assertFormula(constraint3)
96 solver.assertFormula(constraint4)
97 #! [docs-python-quickstart-6 end]
98
99 # Check if the formula is satisfiable, that is,
100 # are there real values for x and y that satisfy all the constraints?
101 #! [docs-python-quickstart-7 start]
102 r1 = solver.checkSat()
103 #! [docs-python-quickstart-7 end]
104
105 # The result is either SAT, UNSAT, or UNKNOWN.
106 # In this case, it is SAT.
107 #! [docs-python-quickstart-8 start]
108 print("expected: sat")
109 print("result: ", r1)
110 #! [docs-python-quickstart-8 end]
111
112 # We can get the values for x and y that satisfy the constraints.
113 #! [docs-python-quickstart-9 start]
114 xVal = solver.getValue(x)
115 yVal = solver.getValue(y)
116 #! [docs-python-quickstart-9 end]
117
118 # It is also possible to get values for compound terms,
119 # even if those did not appear in the original formula.
120 #! [docs-python-quickstart-10 start]
121 xMinusY = tm.mkTerm(Kind.SUB, x, y)
122 xMinusYVal = solver.getValue(xMinusY)
123 #! [docs-python-quickstart-10 end]
124
125 # We can now obtain the values as python values
126 #! [docs-python-quickstart-11 start]
127 xPy = xVal.getRealValue()
128 yPy = yVal.getRealValue()
129 xMinusYPy = xMinusYVal.getRealValue()
130
131 print("value for x: ", xPy)
132 print("value for y: ", yPy)
133 print("value for x - y: ", xMinusYPy)
134 #! [docs-python-quickstart-11 end]
135
136 # Another way to independently compute the value of x - y would be
137 # to use the python minus operator instead of asking the solver.
138 # However, for more complex terms,
139 # it is easier to let the solver do the evaluation.
140 #! [docs-python-quickstart-12 start]
141 xMinusYComputed = xPy - yPy
142 if xMinusYComputed == xMinusYPy:
143 print("computed correctly")
144 else:
145 print("computed incorrectly")
146 #! [docs-python-quickstart-12 end]
147
148 # Further, we can convert the values to strings
149 #! [docs-python-quickstart-13 start]
150 xStr = str(xPy)
151 yStr = str(yPy)
152 xMinusYStr = str(xMinusYPy)
153 #! [docs-python-quickstart-13 end]
154
155 # Next, we will check satisfiability of the same formula,
156 # only this time over integer variables a and b.
157
158 # We start by resetting assertions added to the solver.
159 #! [docs-python-quickstart-14 start]
160 solver.resetAssertions()
161 #! [docs-python-quickstart-14 end]
162
163 # Next, we assert the same assertions above with integers.
164 # This time, we inline the construction of terms
165 # to the assertion command.
166 #! [docs-python-quickstart-15 start]
167 solver.assertFormula(tm.mkTerm(Kind.LT, tm.mkInteger(0), a))
168 solver.assertFormula(tm.mkTerm(Kind.LT, tm.mkInteger(0), b))
169 solver.assertFormula(
170 tm.mkTerm(
171 Kind.LT, tm.mkTerm(Kind.ADD, a, b), tm.mkInteger(1)))
172 solver.assertFormula(tm.mkTerm(Kind.LEQ, a, b))
173 #! [docs-python-quickstart-15 end]
174
175 # We check whether the revised assertion is satisfiable.
176 #! [docs-python-quickstart-16 start]
177 r2 = solver.checkSat()
178 #! [docs-python-quickstart-16 end]
179
180 # This time the formula is unsatisfiable
181 #! [docs-python-quickstart-17 start]
182 print("expected: unsat")
183 print("result:", r2)
184 #! [docs-python-quickstart-17 end]
185
186 # We can query the solver for an unsatisfiable core, i.e., a subset
187 # of the assertions that is already unsatisfiable.
188 #! [docs-python-quickstart-18 start]
189 unsatCore = solver.getUnsatCore()
190 print("unsat core size:", len(unsatCore))
191 print("unsat core:", unsatCore)
192 #! [docs-python-quickstart-18 end]
examples/api/smtlib/quickstart.smt2
1;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-1 start]
2(set-logic ALL)
3;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-1 end]
4;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-2 start]
5(set-option :produce-models true)
6(set-option :incremental true)
7; print unsat cores, include assertions in the unsat core that have not been named
8(set-option :produce-unsat-cores true)
9(set-option :print-cores-full true)
10;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-2 end]
11
12;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-3 start]
13; Declare real constants x,y
14(declare-const x Real)
15(declare-const y Real)
16;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-3 end]
17
18;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-4 start]
19; Our constraints regarding x and y will be:
20;
21; (1) 0 < x
22; (2) 0 < y
23; (3) x + y < 1
24; (4) x <= y
25
26(assert (< 0 x))
27(assert (< 0 y))
28(assert (< (+ x y) 1))
29(assert (<= x y))
30;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-4 end]
31
32;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-5 start]
33(check-sat)
34;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-5 end]
35;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-6 start]
36(echo "Values of declared real constants and of compound terms built with them.")
37(get-value (x y (- x y)))
38;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-6 end]
39
40;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-7 start]
41(echo "We will reset the solver with the (reset-assertions) command and check satisfiability of the same assertions but with the integers constants rather than with the real ones.")
42(reset-assertions)
43; Declare integer constants a,b
44(declare-const a Int)
45(declare-const b Int)
46;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-7 end]
47;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-8 start]
48(assert (< 0 a))
49(assert (< 0 b))
50(assert (< (+ a b) 1))
51(assert (<= a b))
52;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-8 end]
53
54;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-9 start]
55(check-sat)
56;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-9 end]
57;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-10 start]
58(get-unsat-core)
59;! [docs-smt2-quickstart-10 end]